In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger, salt, cloves, and baking soda. Set aside.
In a separate bowl, whisk together the brown sugar, melted butter, and molasses. Add the egg, buttermilk, and vanilla, and whisk until just combined.
Fold the flour mixture into the wet ingredients until just combined.
Chill the dough in the refrigerator for 2 hours.
When you are ready to bake, preheat your oven to 350°F and line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
Roll the dough into about 1 tablespoon-sized balls and place them on the baking sheet.
Bake for 11 to 13 minutes. Let the cookies cool on the baking sheet for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely.